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振动开发指导(ArkTS)

场景介绍

当设备需要设置不同的振动效果时,可以调用Vibrator模块,例如:设备的按键可以设置不同强度和不同时长的振动,闹钟和来电可以设置不同强度和时长的单次或周期振动。

详细的接口介绍请参考@ohos.vibrator (振动)

接口说明

名称描述
startVibration(effect: VibrateEffect, attribute: VibrateAttribute): Promise<void>根据指定振动效果和振动属性触发马达振动,使用Promise异步回调。
startVibration(effect: VibrateEffect, attribute: VibrateAttribute, callback: AsyncCallback<void>): void根据指定振动效果和振动属性触发马达振动,使用Callback异步回调。
stopVibration(stopMode: VibratorStopMode): Promise<void>按照指定模式停止马达的振动,使用Promise异步回调。
stopVibration(stopMode: VibratorStopMode, callback: AsyncCallback<void>): void按照指定模式停止马达的振动,使用Callback异步回调。
stopVibration(): Promise<void>停止所有模式的马达振动,使用Promise异步回调。
stopVibration(param?: VibratorInfoParam): Promise<void>不传参则停止本地设备所有马达的振动,也可传参停止指定马达振动,使用Promise异步回调。
stopVibration(callback: AsyncCallback<void>): void停止所有模式的马达振动,使用Callback异步回调。
isSupportEffect(effectId: string): Promise<boolean>查询是否支持传入的参数effectId。返回true则表示支持,否则不支持,使用Promise异步回调。
isSupportEffect(effectId: string, callback: AsyncCallback<boolean>): void查询是否支持传入的参数effectId。返回true则表示支持,否则不支持,使用Callback异步回调。
getEffectInfoSync(effectId: string, param?: VibratorInfoParam): EffectInfo同步查询是否支持传入的参数effectId,param可指定具体马达。返回EffectInfo中isEffectSupported字段可判断是否支持。
getVibratorInfoSync(param?: VibratorInfoParam): Array<VibratorInfo>同步查询一个或所有设备的马达信息列表。返回VibratorInfo包含设备ID、马达ID、设备名称、是否支持高清振动、是否本地设备等信息。
on(type: 'vibratorStateChange', callback: Callback<VibratorStatusEvent>): void注册马达设备上线下状态变化的监听。callback参数VibratorStatusEvent可返回事件时间戳、设备ID、马达数量、上线或下线等信息。
off(type: 'vibratorStateChange', callback?: Callback<VibratorStatusEvent>): void注销马达设备上线下状态变化的监听。
isHdHapticSupported(): boolean查询是否支持高清振动。

振动效果说明

目前支持三类振动效果,如下所示:

名称说明
固定时长振动传入一个固定时长,马达按照默认强度和频率触发振动,振动效果描述请参考VibrateTime
预置振动系统中的EffectId,这些效果适用于某些固定场景,比如效果"haptic.clock.timer"通常用于用户调整计时器时的振感反馈,振动效果描述请参考VibratePreset
自定义振动自定义振动提供给用户设计自己所需振动效果的能力,用户可通过自定义振动配置文件,并遵循相应规则编排所需振动形式,使能更加开放的振感交互体验,效果描述请参考VibrateFromFile

自定义振动配置文件为Json格式,在形式上如下所示:

{
"MetaData": {
"Create": "2023-01-09",
"Description": "a haptic case",
"Version": 1.0,
"ChannelNumber": 1
},
"Channels": [
{
"Parameters": {
"Index": 0
},
"Pattern": [
{
"Event": {
"Type": "transient",
"StartTime": 0,
"Parameters": {
"Frequency": 31,
"Intensity": 100
}
}
},
{
"Event": {
"Type": "continuous",
"StartTime": 40,
"Duration": 54,
"Parameters": {
"Frequency": 30,
"Intensity": 38,
"Curve": [
{
"Time": 0,
"Frequency": 0,
"Intensity": 0
},
{
"Time": 1,
"Frequency": 15,
"Intensity": 0.5
},
{
"Time": 40,
"Frequency": -8,
"Intensity": 1.0
},
{
"Time": 54,
"Frequency": 0,
"Intensity": 0
}
]
}
}
}
]
}
]
}

JSON文件共包含3个属性。

  1. "MetaData"属性中为文件头信息,可在如下属性中添加描述:

    名称必填项说明
    Version文件格式的版本号,向前兼容,目前支持版本1.0。
    ChannelNumber表示马达振动的通道数,最大支持双马达通道。
    Create可记录文件创作时间。
    Description可指明振动效果、创建信息等附加说明。
  2. "Channels"属性中为马达振动通道的相关信息。

    "Channels"是Json数组,表示各个通道的信息,包含2个属性。

    名称必填项说明
    Parameters为通道参数。其中"Index"表示通道编号,0表示全通道发送,1、2分别对应左右马达。0不能与其他通道编号同时作为配置参数。
    Pattern马达振动序列。

    "Pattern"是Json数组,包含振动事件序列,每个"Event"属性代表1个振动事件,支持添加2种振动类型。

    振动类型说明
    transient瞬态短振动,干脆有力。
    continuous稳态长振动,具备长时间输出强劲有力振动的能力。

    "Event"表示一个振动事件,包含如下属性:

    名称必填项说明
    Type振动事件类型,为"transient" 或"continuous"。
    StartTime振动的起始时间,单位ms,有效范围为[0, 1800,000]。
    Duration振动持续时间,仅当类型为"continuous"时有效,单位ms,有效范围为[0, 5000]。
  3. "Parameters"表示振动事件参数设置,必填项,可设置以下属性参数:

    名称必填项说明
    Intensity振动事件强度,有效范围为[0, 100],数字大小代表最大振动量的xx%。
    Frequency振动事件频率,有效范围为[0, 100],一般支持频率调节的马达设置为55时为器件的谐振频率,此时振动量最大,越靠近谐振频率的振动,同强度设置的振动量越大。
    Curve振动曲线,当振动事件类型为"continuous"时有效,为Json数组,支持设置一组调节点,调节点数量最大支持16个,最小为4个,每个调节点需包含如下属性: "Time":相对事件起始时间的偏移,最小为0,最大不能超过事件振动时长; "Intensity":相对事件振动强度的增益,范围为[0, 1],此值乘上振动事件强度为对应时间点调节后的强度; "Frequency":相对事件振动频率的变化,范围为[-100, 100],此值加上振动事件频率为对应时间点调节后的频率。

其他要求:

参数要求
振动事件(event)的数量不得超过128个。
振动配置文件长度不得超过64KB。

开发步骤

  1. 新建一个工程。

  2. 配置权限,具体配置方式请参考声明权限

    "requestPermissions": [
    {
    "name": "ohos.permission.VIBRATE"
    }
    ],
  3. 导入模块。

    import { vibrator } from '@kit.SensorServiceKit';
    import { resourceManager } from '@kit.LocalizationKit';
    import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
    import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
  4. 定义常量。

    const fileName: string = 'vibrator.json';
    let TAG = 'vibrator:';
  5. 振动器查询。

    情形一 查询所有马达信息:

    try {
    const vibratorInfoList: vibrator.VibratorInfo[] = vibrator.getVibratorInfoSync();
    console.info(`vibratorInfoList: ${JSON.stringify(vibratorInfoList)}`);
    // ...
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }

    情形二 查询指定设备的一个或多个马达信息:

    try {
    const vibratorParam: vibrator.VibratorInfoParam = {
    deviceId: -1 // deviceId 需要是查询出来真实存在的设备
    }
    const vibratorInfoList: vibrator.VibratorInfo[] = vibrator.getVibratorInfoSync(vibratorParam);
    console.info(`vibratorInfoList: ${JSON.stringify(vibratorInfoList)}`);
    // ...
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }
  6. 根据指定振动效果和振动属性触发马达振动。

    情形一 按照指定持续时间触发马达振动:

    try {
    // 触发马达振动
    vibrator.startVibration({
    type: 'time',
    duration: 1000,
    }, {
    id: 0,
    usage: 'alarm'
    }, (error: BusinessError) => {
    if (error) {
    console.error(`Failed to start vibration. Code: ${error.code}, message: ${error.message}`);
    return;
    }
    console.info('Succeed in starting vibration');
    });
    } catch (err) {
    let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }

    情形二 按照预置振动效果触发马达振动,可先查询振动效果是否被支持,再调用振动接口:

    try {
    vibrator.isSupportEffect(this.realEffectId, (err: BusinessError, state: boolean) => {
    if (err) {
    console.error(`Failed to query effect. Code: ${err.code}, message: ${err.message}`);
    return;
    }
    console.info('Succeed in querying effect');
    if (state) {
    try {
    // 触发马达振动
    vibrator.startVibration({
    type: 'preset',
    effectId: this.realEffectId,
    count: 1,
    intensity: 50,
    }, {
    usage: 'unknown'
    }, (error: BusinessError) => {
    if (error) {
    console.error(`Failed to start vibration. Code: ${error.code}, message: ${error.message}`);
    } else {
    console.info('Succeed in starting vibration');
    }
    });
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }
    }
    })
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }

    情形三 按照自定义振动配置文件触发马达振动:

    // 获取文件资源描述符
    let rawFd: resourceManager.RawFileDescriptor | undefined = this.uiContext.getHostContext()?.resourceManager.getRawFdSync(fileName);
    if (rawFd != undefined) {
    // 触发马达振动
    try {
    vibrator.startVibration({
    type: "file",
    hapticFd: { fd: rawFd.fd, offset: rawFd.offset, length: rawFd.length }
    }, {
    id: 0,
    usage: 'alarm' // 根据实际选择类型归属不同的开关管控
    }, (error: BusinessError) => {
    if (error) {
    console.error(`Failed to start vibration. Code: ${error.code}, message: ${error.message}`);
    return;
    }
    console.info('Succeed in starting vibration');
    });
    } catch (err) {
    let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    } finally {
    vibrator.stopVibration();
    this.uiContext.getHostContext()?.resourceManager.closeRawFdSync(fileName);
    }
    }

    情形四 Pattern类型的马达振动:

    添加短振事件的方式获取Pattern,并触发振动:

    let builder: vibrator.VibratorPatternBuilder = new vibrator.VibratorPatternBuilder();
    try {
    let param: vibrator.TransientParam = {
    intensity: 80,
    frequency: 70,
    index: 0
    }
    builder.addTransientEvent(0, param);
    console.info(`addTransientEvent builder is ${builder.build()}`);
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }
    try {
    vibrator.startVibration({
    type: "pattern",
    pattern: builder.build()
    }, {
    id: 1,
    deviceId: -1,
    // 根据实际选择类型归属不同的开关管控
    usage: "alarm"
    }, (error: BusinessError) => {
    if (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`Vibrate fail. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    } else {
    console.info(`vibrate success`);
    }
    });
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }

    添加长振事件的方式获取Pattern,并触发振动:

    let builder: vibrator.VibratorPatternBuilder = new vibrator.VibratorPatternBuilder();
    try {
    // VibratorCurvePoint参数最少设置4个,最大设置16个
    let pointsMe: vibrator.VibratorCurvePoint[] = [
    { time: 0, intensity: 0, frequency: -7 },
    { time: 42, intensity: 1, frequency: -6 },
    { time: 128, intensity: 0.94, frequency: -4 },
    { time: 217, intensity: 0.63, frequency: -14 },
    { time: 763, intensity: 0.48, frequency: -14 },
    { time: 1125, intensity: 0.53, frequency: -10 },
    { time: 1503, intensity: 0.42, frequency: -14 },
    { time: 1858, intensity: 0.39, frequency: -14 },
    { time: 2295, intensity: 0.34, frequency: -17 },
    { time: 2448, intensity: 0.21, frequency: -14 },
    { time: 2468, intensity: 0, frequency: -21 }
    ]
    let param: vibrator.ContinuousParam = {
    intensity: 97,
    frequency: 34,
    points: pointsMe,
    index: 0
    }
    builder.addContinuousEvent(0, 2468, param);
    console.info(`addContinuousEvent builder is ${builder.build()}`);
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`Exception. Code ${e.code}`);
    }
    try {
    vibrator.startVibration({
    type: 'pattern',
    pattern: builder.build()
    }, {
    id: 1,
    deviceId: -1,
    usage:"alarm",
    }, (error: BusinessError) => {
    if (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`Vibrate fail. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    } else {
    console.info(`vibrate success`);
    }
    });
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }
  7. 停止马达的振动。

    方式一 按照指定模式停止对应的马达振动,自定义振动不支持此类停止方式:

    ​停止固定时长振动:

    try {
    // 按照VIBRATOR_STOP_MODE_TIME模式停止振动
    vibrator.stopVibration(vibrator.VibratorStopMode.VIBRATOR_STOP_MODE_TIME, (error: BusinessError) => {
    if (error) {
    console.error(`Failed to stop vibration. Code: ${error.code}, message: ${error.message}`);
    return;
    }
    console.info('Succeed in stopping vibration');
    })
    } catch (err) {
    let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }

    ​停止预置振动:

    try {
    // 按照VIBRATOR_STOP_MODE_PRESET模式停止振动
    vibrator.stopVibration(vibrator.VibratorStopMode.VIBRATOR_STOP_MODE_PRESET, (error: BusinessError) => {
    if (error) {
    console.error(`Failed to stop vibration. Code: ${error.code}, message: ${error.message}`);
    return;
    }
    console.info('Succeed in stopping vibration');
    })
    } catch (err) {
    let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }

    方式二 停止所有模式的马达振动,包括自定义振动:

    try {
    // 停止所有模式的马达振动
    vibrator.stopVibration((error: BusinessError) => {
    if (error) {
    console.error(`Failed to stop vibration. Code: ${error.code}, message: ${error.message}`);
    return;
    }
    console.info('Succeed in stopping vibration');
    })
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }

    方式三 停止指定设备的振动:

    const vibratorInfoParam: vibrator.VibratorInfoParam = {
    deviceId: -1 // deviceId 需要是查询出来真实存在的设备
    }
    try {
    vibrator.stopVibration(vibratorInfoParam).then(() => {
    console.info('Succeed in stopping vibration');
    }, (error: BusinessError) => {
    console.error(`Failed to stop vibration. Code: ${error.code}, message: ${error.message}`);
    });
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }
  8. 动态马达状态变化监听。

    注册监听。

    // 回调函数
    vibratorStateChangeCallback = (data: vibrator.VibratorStatusEvent) => {
    console.info('vibrator state callback info:', JSON.stringify(data));
    // ...
    }
    // ...
    try {
    // 订阅 vibratorStateChange事件
    vibrator.on('vibratorStateChange', this.vibratorStateChangeCallback);
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }

    取消监听,取消传入的callback需与注册的一致。

    // 回调函数
    vibratorStateChangeCallback = (data: vibrator.VibratorStatusEvent) => {
    console.info('vibrator state callback info:', JSON.stringify(data));
    // ...
    }
    // ...
    try {
    // 取消订阅 vibratorStateChange事件
    vibrator.off('vibratorStateChange', this.vibratorStateChangeCallback);
    // 取消订阅所有 vibratorStateChange事件
    // vibrator.off('vibratorStateChange');
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }
  9. 通过设备ID和马达ID获取预置振动效果信息。

    try {
    const effectInfo: vibrator.EffectInfo = vibrator.getEffectInfoSync('haptic.clock.timer', { deviceId: -1, vibratorId: 1});
    console.info(`isEffectSupported: ${effectInfo.isEffectSupported}`);
    // ...
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }
  10. 查询是否支持高清振动。

    try {
    // 查询是否支持高清振动
    let ret = vibrator.isHdHapticSupported();
    console.info(`The query result is ${ret}`);
    // ...
    } catch (error) {
    let e: BusinessError = error as BusinessError;
    console.error(`An unexpected error occurred. Code: ${e.code}, message: ${e.message}`);
    }